提示：本文共有 8998 个字，阅读大概需要 18 分钟。
You may think you know the story of Rapunzel, but did you know that shes partly based on martyr Saint Barbara? Or that the Beast of "Beauty and the Beast" actually existed?
你可能认为自己很清楚长发公主的故事，但是你知道长发公主的故事其实是改编自殉道者圣·芭芭拉的故事吗？又或者你知道“美女与野兽”的故事是真实存在的吗？
These six beloved fairy tales and nursery rhymes all have something in common: Their roots come from real people, places, and objects.
这六个很受喜爱的童话故事以及童谣都有一个共同点：它们的来源都是真实的人、地点还有物品。
1The story of "Beauty and the Beast" was probably based on the tragic life of Petrus Gonsalvus.
“美女与野兽”的故事很有可能是基于彼得勒斯·冈萨乌斯的悲剧一生。
According to Refinery 29, in 1537 there was a young boy named Petrus Gonsalvus who was regularly called a beast. Reportedly, this was most likely because he had a case of hypertrichosis, a condition that causes a person to grow hair all over their body, often referred to as "werewolf syndrome."
根据Refinery 29提供的内容，在1537年，有一个叫彼得勒斯·冈萨乌斯的小男孩经常被称作野兽。据报道，这很可能是因为他患有一例多毛症，这种病症会导致一个人的整个身体上都长出头发，这种症状通常被称为“狼人综合症”。
Gonsalvuswas just 10 years old when he was taken from his native country, Spain, and sent to the King of France to operate as a type of court jester. "King Henry decided to take on Gonsalvus as his little pet project,"Refinery 29wrote, "the king groomed Gonsalvus to be a nobleman."
彼得勒斯·冈萨乌斯从他的祖国西班牙被带走时才10岁，他被送往法国王室担任宫廷小丑。Refinery 29写道：“亨利国王决定将冈萨乌斯当成他的小宠物，还将冈萨乌斯打扮成贵族的样子。”
Eventually, King Henrys wife, Catherine deMedici who took over after the king died, found Gonsalvusa wife — coincidentally another woman named Catherine. Though it took some getting used to, the beauty fell in love with "the beast." They were married for 40 years and had seven kids together, four of which also had hypertrichosis.
最终，亨利国王的妻子凯瑟琳·德美第奇（国王去世后接任国王的位置）给冈萨乌斯找了一位妻子——恰巧是另一个名叫凯瑟琳的女人。尽管花了一些时间来适应，但这位美女还是爱上了“野兽”。他们结婚40年，并一起育有七个孩子，其中四个也患有多毛症。
2 There are theories that Snow White is based on one of two real women: Margaretha von Waldeck or Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von Erthal
有理论称白雪公主的故事的原型是两个真实存在的女人中的一个：玛佳丽塔（Margaretha von Waldeck）或者玛丽亚（Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von Erthal）
According to Mental Floss, von Waldeck lived in the German town of Waldeck of course during the mid 1500s. When she was 17, she left her fathers home, perhaps due to friction with her new stepmother, and moved to Brussels. There, she attracted the eye of Spains king, Philip II.
根据Mental Floss的说法，玛佳丽塔大约在1500年代中期住在德国小镇瓦尔德克（Waldeck）。她17岁那年，可能是由于与新继母的摩擦而离开了父亲的家，并搬到了布鲁塞尔。在那里，她吸引了西班牙国王菲利普二世的注意。
Soon thereafter she fell ill, and many believe she was poisoned, as the couple had their fair share of detractors who believed that marrying a coalminers daughter was beneath a king. Unfortunately, there was no true loves kiss to cure her, and she died at 21.
此后不久，她病倒了，许多人认为她中毒了，因为针对这对夫妻，有相当多的贬低者认为，娶给一个煤矿工人的女儿让国王身份下降。不幸的是，没有真正的爱之吻可以治愈她，她于21岁时去世。
The other potential inspiration? Deep breath: Maria Sophia Margaretha Catherina von Erthal. The young woman also lived in Germany, according to the Independent, in a town called Lohr am Main. Born in 1729, she was the daughter of Prince Philipp Christoph von Erthal, whom she lived in a castle with. Turns out, her father owned a mirror factory.
白雪公主的故事还有没有其他的原型？也有可能是玛丽亚·索菲娅·玛格丽特·凯瑟琳娜·冯·埃塔尔。据《独立报》报道，这名年轻女子也住在德国，是住在一个名为美因河畔洛尔的小镇。她生于1729年，是菲利普·克里斯托弗·冯·埃塔尔王子（Philipp Christoph von Erthal）的女儿，他们一起住在一座城堡中。原来，她父亲拥有一家镜子工厂。
In fact, the castle they lived in is now open to the public as a museum, and inside one of the rooms is a "talking mirror," aka a toy that the prince gave to his second wife: the young baroness stepmother, whom she is said to have had a rocky relationship with.
实际上，他们住的城堡现在作为博物馆向公众开放，其中一个房间里就有一面“会说话的镜子”，是王子送给第二任妻子的玩具。这个第二任妻子是这位年轻的男爵之女的继母，据说他们二人之间的关系并不好。
3While the Pied Piper may not have been real, scholars generally agree that something in the German town of Hamelin happened that may have inspired the tale.
尽管“吹笛人”可能不是真实存在的，但学者们普遍认为，在德国小镇哈默林发生的某些事情可能给这个故事提供了灵感。
According to the fairytale, in 1284, the German town of Hamelin was experiencing a rat infestation, and thus hired a man to take care of it, the Pied Piper. However, the town double crossed him and refused to pay him, so in retaliation he played his pipe and kidnapped all the kids in town, never to be seen again.
在《吹笛人》这个童话故事里，1284年，德国小镇哈默林受到老鼠的侵扰，因此镇上的人雇了一个人来解决鼠患，这个人就是吹笛人（Pied Piper）。但是，镇上的人欺骗了他，拒绝付给他钱，因此，为了报复，他吹起了他的笛子，绑架了镇上的所有孩子，这些孩子从此消失了。
The first instance of this story is said to have been on a now destroyed stained glass window from around 1300 AD. The oldest written account that survived simply states that "In the year of 1284, on the day of Saints John and Paul on June 26, by a piper, clothed in many kinds of colours, 130 children born in Hamelin were seduced, and lost at the place of execution near the koppen."
据说这个故事的第一个实例是记录在公元1300年左右被摧毁的彩色玻璃窗上。留存下来的最古老的书面记载只是说：“在1284年的6月26日，圣约翰和保罗节那天，吹笛者穿着有很多颜色的衣服，诱引了130个出生在哈默林的孩子，他们就在koppen附近的行刑地点迷失了方向。”
Clearly, the story has changed and evolved over time, but there are a few theories that try to explain what actually happened. Some think the kids died of the plague, and that the Pied Piper was the personification of death, others that the kids were sent away by their parents due to their extreme poverty, while others again posit that the children were part of the "Childrens Crusade," a doomed, child led mission aimed at converting Muslims in the Holy Land to Christianity.
显然，这个故事随着时间的流逝发生了变化和演变，但是有一些理论试图解释到底实际上发生了什么。一些人认为孩子死于瘟疫，而吹笛者是死亡的化身，其他人则认为孩子是由于极端贫困而被父母送走的，而另一些人则认为这些失踪的孩子是“儿童十字军东征”的一部分，“儿童十字军东征”是一场注定要失败的、由儿童主导的任务，旨在使圣地的穆斯林信奉基督教。
As Mental Floss wrote, "nearly all of the theorists seem to agree that the Pied Piper and his rat whispering abilities were the personification of a force that those left behind in Hamelin could not control."
正如Mental Floss所写，“几乎所有的理论家似乎都同意，吹笛人和他与老鼠窃窃私语的能力是留在哈默林的人所无法控制的力量的人格化。”
4"Frozen" is loosely based on the Hans Christian Andersen story of "The Snow Queen," and Elsas icy powers can be traced back to Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind.
《冰雪奇缘》大致上是基于汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安德森（Hans Christian Andersen）的《雪之女王》（The Snow Queen）这一故事，而艾尔莎（Elsa）的冰冷力量可以追溯到瑞典歌剧歌手詹妮·林德（Jenny Lind）身上。
"Frozen" is loosely based on the Hans Christian Andersen story of "The Snow Queen." The main similarity? Theres a queen with winter/snow/ice powers.
《冰雪奇缘》是根据汉斯·克里斯蒂安·安德森的故事《雪之女王》（The Snow Queen）制作的。这两个故事的主要相似之处在哪里呢？故事里都有一个和冬天/雪/冰有关系的女王。
But the fairy tale might not have just dropped into Andersens imagination. Rumor has it, the acclaimed Swedish opera singer Jenny Lind was the inspiration for the titular queen. Allegedly, after Lind rejected Andersens romantic pursuits, he turned her into the Snow Queen, a woman with a heart made of ice.
但是这个童话故事可能不仅仅落入了安徒生的想象中。有传言称，瑞典歌剧歌手詹妮·林德（Jenny Lind）是这位女王的灵感来源。据说，在林德（Lind）拒绝安徒生的浪漫追求之后，他把她变成了雪皇后（Snow Queen），一个有着冰做的心的女人。
5 The story of "Rapunzel" is based on the tragic life of Saint Barbara, who is thought to have lived in the third century.
《长发公主》的故事是根据被认为生活在三世纪的圣巴巴拉的悲惨生活而写的
The true story of Rapunzel is thought to be about a young woman in Italy named Barbara who was so beautiful that her father locked her away in a tower so no men could get to her. Though many asked for her hand in marriage, Barbara dedicated herself to God and a newfound Christian faith, and refused them all.
人们认为长发公主的真实故事是关于意大利的一个年轻女子，她名叫芭芭拉（Barbara）。她是如此美丽，以至于父亲将她锁在塔楼中，这样就没有人能找到她。尽管许多人想和她结婚，但芭芭拉全心全意地献身于上帝和她新发现的基督教信仰，并拒绝了所有人。
Her father, however, was a pagan, and not pleased about her Christianity. The story goes that when she prayed for help when he drew his sword on her, God created a hole in the tower for her to escape. Unfortunately, she was soon discovered, and eventually beheaded by her father — who was then struck by lightning.
然而，她的父亲是一个异教徒，对她的基督教信仰并不满意。传说中，当她父亲拔剑对着她的时候，她祈祷能够获得帮助，于是上帝在塔上开了一个洞供她逃脱。不幸的是，她很快被发现，并最终被她的父亲斩首，而她的父亲随后被闪电击中。
5 Little Jack Horner, who stars in a nursery rhyme, was a real steward to the Abbot of Glastonbury in the 1500s.
童谣中很出名的小杰克·霍纳，原型是真实的16世纪初格拉斯顿伯里修道院院长的管家。
In the nursery rhyme, a little boy named Jack finds a plum inside a Christmas pie. Metaphorically speaking, its about opportunism and greed — but some historians believe it originally had a much more literal meaning.
在童谣中，一个名叫杰克的小男孩在圣诞节派里发现了一个梅子。如果从隐喻的角度来讲，这个故事与机会主义和贪婪有关，但是一些历史学家认为，这个故事本来就具有更多的字面意义。
According to NPR, "Jack" Horner was actually Thomas Horner, a steward to the Abbot of Glastonbury. At the time, King Henry VIII was taking property from the church for himself, so Horner was sent to bribe the king with deeds to other plots of land, so the church could keep their own land. And where were these deeds? Baked inside a pie, to conceal them that said, the pie could have simply been a metaphor for concealment, not an actual pie.
根据NPR的说法，“杰克”·霍纳实际上是托马斯·霍纳。这位托马斯·霍纳是格拉斯顿伯里修道院院长的管家。当时，亨利八世国王从教堂夺走了财产据为己有，所以霍纳被派去以其他土地的契约贿赂国王，以使教堂能够保留自己的土地。这些契约在哪里呢？它们被放在馅饼内部再烘焙，以把这些契约隐藏起来（也就是说，馅饼可能只是“隐藏”这一行为的隐喻，而不是实际的馅饼）。
Apparently, Horner decided to take a deed for himself, sticking his thumb into the pie to grab one for Mells Manor, a home in Somerset. The Horners went on to live there for hundreds of years.
显然，霍纳决定从这些契约里给自己也拿一个，所以他将拇指伸进馅饼中，拿出了一份萨默塞特郡的梅尔斯庄园的契约。他的族人在那里住了数百年。
看到此处说明本文对你还是有帮助的，关于“这些你从小就听的童话故事背后的故事你都知道吗？”留言是大家的经验之谈相信也会对你有益，推荐继续阅读下面的相关内容，与本文相关度极高！
