中国古代源远流长，在先秦时期已具雏形。先后经历了先秦的说理寓言、两汉的劝戒寓言，魏晋南北朝的嘲讽寓言、唐宋的讽刺寓言和明清的诙谐寓言等五个阶段。
塞翁失马 战国时期有一位老人，名叫塞翁。他养了许多马，一天马群中忽然有一匹走失了。邻居们听到这事，都来安慰他不必太着急，年龄大了，多注意身体。塞翁见有人劝慰，笑笑说：“丢了一匹马损失不大，没准还会带来福气。” 邻居听了塞翁的话，心里觉得好笑。马丢了，明明是件坏事，他却认为也许是好事，显然是自我安慰而已。可是过了没几天，丢马不仅自动回家，还带回一匹骏马。 邻居听说马自己回来了，非常佩服塞翁的预见，向塞翁道贺说：“还是您老有远见，马不仅没有丢，还带回一匹好马，真是福气呀。” 塞翁听了邻人的祝贺，反到一点高兴的样子都没有，忧虑地说：“白白得了一匹好马，不一定是什么福气，也许惹出什么麻烦来。” 邻居们以为他故作姿态纯属老年人的狡猾。心里明明高兴，有意不说出来。 塞翁有个独生子，非常喜欢骑马。他发现带回来的那匹马顾盼生姿，身长蹄大，嘶鸣嘹亮，膘悍神骏，一看就知道是匹好马。他每天都骑马出游，心中洋洋得意。 一天，他高兴得有些过火，打马飞奔，一个趔趄，从马背上跌下来，摔断了腿。邻居听说，纷纷来慰问。 塞翁说：“没什么，腿摔断了却保住性命，或许是福气呢。”邻居们觉得他又在胡言乱语。他们想不出，摔断腿会带来什么福气。 不久，匈奴兵大举入侵，青年人被应征入伍，塞翁的儿子因为摔断了腿，不能去当兵。入伍的青年都战死了，唯有塞翁的儿子保全了性命。 亡羊补牢 犹未为晚 战国时期，楚襄王统治楚国时，国势不振。楚王和重要的大臣都荒淫无能。他们一直沉溺于奢侈享乐之中。大臣庄辛预见到楚国会发生危险。一天他劝谏楚王说：" 陛下，无论你走到哪儿，身旁总是那些奉承你的人，他们想尽办法让您高兴，您就忘了处理国事。长此以往，国家迟早会灭亡的。" 楚王大怒："大胆!你居然用这样恶毒的话来诅咒我的国家，蓄意挑起人民的不满!" 庄辛解释说："我不敢诅咒楚国，但我可以预言楚国正面临着巨大的危险。" 庄辛见楚王如此宠信那些腐败的大臣，相信楚国必定要亡国。于是他向楚王请求离开楚国，到赵国居住一段时候。 楚王同意了，他便到赵国去了。五个月之后，秦君果然派军入侵楚国，占领了大片土地。楚王被迫流亡。这时，他想起了庄辛的劝谏，于是派人接庄辛回来。楚王见了庄辛，便问："现在我该怎么办呢?" 庄辛回答说："丢了羊，就把羊圈修好，不算迟。" 然后他提出许多如何重振国家，收复失地的好谋略。楚王非常高兴。 成语"亡羊补牢"就是由庄辛对楚王的回答而来的。比喻事情出了差错，有了损失，如果及时补救，还能够弥补，吸取教训。 Mend the fold after a sheep is lost During the Warring States Period 475 221 BC， the State of Chu not very powerful. The king and the important court officials were dissolute and incompetent. They indulged in luxury and excessive pleasure all the time. Zhuang Xin, one of the ministers foresaw that the country was in danger. One day he remonstrated with the king: "Your Majesty, wherever you go, you’re always surrounded by people who flatter you with what you like. They try everything to make you happy so that you forgot to tend to state affairs. If you go on like this, no doubt, the country will perish sooner or later." The King of Chu flew into a rage. "How dare you! You even use such vicious words to curse my country and mean to arouse resentment among the people!" Zhuang Xin explained, "I dare not curse the State of Chu. But I really have a premonition that Chu is facing great danger." Seeing that the king is especially fond of those corrupt officials and trust them in everything, the minister thought Chu is bound to extinct. So he asked the king to let him leave Chu. He wanted to go to the State of Zhao and stay there for a while. The king gave him the leave. Five months later, the King of Qin sent his troops to invade Chu and occupied a large tract of its territory. The King of Chu himself went into exile. Now, the king remembered Zhuang Xin’s words. He sent his men to fetch him. When the king saw Zhuang Xin again, he asked him, "What can I do now?" Zhuang Xin replied, "It’s not too late if you mend the sheepfold when you find a sheep is missing." He then made some good suggestions to rehabilitate the state and recover the lost land. The king was very much pleased. The idiom "Mend the fold after a sheep is lost" has developed from Zhuang Xin’s answer to the king. We still use this metaphor to advise someone that even when he has made a mistake and suffered losses, he can still remedy it by drawing lessons from the mistake. 《古代寓言小故事100字.doc》 将本文的Word文档到电脑，方便收藏和打印 推荐度： 点击文档文档为doc格式
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